CHAPTER IX: Harmony In The Society – From Family Order To World Order

HUMAN VALUES AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

LECTURE NOTES

UNIT –III : CHAPTER IX 

CHAPTER IX: Harmony In The Society – From Family Order To World Order

Extending Relationship from Family to Society

Right Understanding at the individual level leads to harmony in the family. This leads to harmony in the society.

·         Understanding relationships in family, recognizing the feelings in these relationships and living according to these feelings leads to mutual happiness and fulfillment.

·         Slowly we become aware of our relatedness to all the human beings beyond the confines of our family such as friends, colleagues, people in the neighbourhood and even strangers.

Try to answer this question:

“ Do I want to live in harmony inly within a limited set of people or with everyone?”

·         Try to observe some most sought-after public figures. Also observe how famous personalities like Buddha, Mother Teresa, Vivekananda etc. established their connectivity with a vast majority of people – It is because they did not remain confined to the harmony with a limited set of people. They developed a relatedness with all the human beings.

·         The more you feel connected/ related to more and more number of people, the more you feel relaxed and satisfied. This helps to develop a feeling of assurance, trust and fearlessness in the social web.

Trust--------->Fearlessnes (Trust is the basis of Fearlessness, Peace and Harmony.)

·         Our Natural Acceptance extends from the level of Individual to the levels of Family and then Society and finally into a feeling of World Family. This forms the basis of an undivided society (Akhanda Samaj) a feeling of relatedness for all (we are all one family).

Thus, when we expand into a world family, we realize our responsibility in the society and participate in it.

Identification of Comprehensive Human Goal:

            For the fulfilment of the basic human aspirations of all human beings, the following Comprehensive Human Goal should be understood:

The Comprehensive Human Goal comprises of four constituents namely:

1.      Right Understanding (Samadhana)                             In every individual

2.      Prosperity (Samriddhi)                                                  In every Family

3.      Fearlessness / Trust (Abhaya/Vishwas)                      In Society

4.      Co-existence (Sah-astitwa)                                           In Nature

All the above four constituents form the Comprehensive Human Goal in the same sequence as above.

Where are we today?

Right Understanding (in individuals) – We have only information and skills, no right understanding, no true happiness.

Prosperity in Families – We forgot that the need for physical facilities is limited and are trying to generate only more and more wealth.

·         Our economy, education, market is all luring us to generate more wealth.

·         We are interested in the lists of millionaires and trillionaires in our society and not in the lists of prosperous people.

·         We give importance to sensory enjoyment and are forgetting that wealth is needed only for keeping our body healthy.

Fearlessness/Trust in Society – We are working for strategic power and not fearlessness (In the name of defence, we are misusing the valuable resources of nature to make weapons and ammunition). Thus, we are becoming more fearful (of wars, fights etc.). We have organizations like the UNO, but we don’t have programs to ensure trust among people.

Co-existence (with Nature) – We are not giving importance to co-existence with nature and are figuring out ways to exploit Nature.

(The goal of our technological development is to get victory over Nature, to subjugate the entities in nature and to disrupt nature’s cycles for our whims and fancies.

Conclusion:  We have missed the core things in life and are unable to understand the harmony at all levels of our living.

·         The problem is that, the very first step towards change i.e. the Right Understanding is missing.

·         Right Understanding is the only route to prosperity and social harmony.

Programs needed to achieve the Comprehensive Human Goal: The five dimensions of Human Endeavour

In order to achieve the Comprehensive Human Goal, the following five dimensions of Human Endeavour are to be shaped and implemented in the society:

1.       Education – Right Living ( Siksha – Sanskar)

(leads to Right Understanding, Right Feelings and an all compassing solution,Samadhana)

 Education = To understand Harmony at all four levels of living)

Right Living = Commitment and Preparedness to live in harmony at all four levels of living

                The goal and objective of education is to ensure Right Understanding, Right Feelings and An-encompassing Solution(Samadhana) in every individual through Right Living.

2.       Health – Self Regulation (Svasthya – Sanyama)
(leads to Prosperity)
 Health = Harmony among the parts of the body and having a fit body which acts according to the needs of the Self “I”
Self-Regulation = A feeling of responsibility for nurturing, protecting and rightly utilizing the body.
Self-regulation is the basis of Health.

3.       Justice – Preservation ( Nyaya – Suraksha)

(leads to Fearlessness and Co-existence)

Justice = Human-Human Relation (relationship between human beings) – its recognition, fulfilment, evaluation – leading to mutual happiness

Preservation = Human – Rest of the Nature Relation – its recognition, fulfilment, evaluation – leading to mutual Prosperity

 Preservation involves ensuring the following three aspects:

1.       Enrichment – (I cultivate wheat; this enriches wheat as the quantity grows)
2.       Protection – (I protect it so that it is fit to eat)
3.       Right Utilization – (I use it for the nurturing of the body and do not let it get wasted)

    Production – Work ( Utpadana – Karya)
    (leads to Prosperity and Co-existence)
Production = Things obtained out of work
 Work = Labour that a human being does on the rest of the Nature

Two important questions come to our mind when we talk of Production – Work :
1.       What to produce?
2.       How to produce?

We should decide what to produce depending on the right identification of needs for the right utilization of the body.

 How to produce refers to the technology or systems we use for production.
 In Nature,
1.       The systems are cyclic and not open ended. For eg. Water cycle, Nitrogen cycle, Food chain etc.
2.       The systems are mutually fulfilling and mutually enriching. For eg. When birds, animals or humans eat guavaswhich come from nature, finally  they go back to nature(soil) itself through excreta.
              Hence we should design our production systemsinsuch a way that the mutual fufilment in nature is ensured and not disturbed.

5.       Exchange – Storage (Vinimaya – Kosa/ Kosh)

(leads to Prosperity and Fearlessness)

Exchange = Exchanging of produce for mutual fulfilment and not for madness of profit
 Storage = Storing of produce after the fulfillment of needs with a view of right utilization in future and not for hoarding.

What is our state today?

·         Our programs of education are based on literacy, training and information transfer and do not have anything to do with the study of Self
·         We are looking for new sources of sensual pleasures and losing control over self-regulation. We are producing new diseases through irresponsible living.
·         Today, we have the court of law to get justice. Yet in spite of thousands of courts and lawyers, the judgements passed and punishments given are unable to ensure real justice. Family values are deteriorating, communal violence and conflicts between people and communities are on the rise and nations have rising fears of destructive wars. Misusing the growth in Science and Technology has adversely affected the three aspects of Preservation namely Enrichment, Protection and Right Utilization.
·         Although Nature is cyclic and enriching, human production processes are largely Acyclic or Open-ended. For eg. We are carelessly using the fossil fuels like coal, petrol, diesel etc. which not only pollutes the atmosphere but also results in their depletion over a period of time. Several things produced by man are acyclic in nature and cannot be decomposed by Nature such as plastics, foams etc. These are very harmful to the atmosphere and are leading to the extinction of many species of  plant and animal life. 
·         Today man has developed from the early barter system to using currency for the sale and purchase of goods. With the greed to increase his income and profits, man is hoarding currency and other things, exploiting mankind and nature as well.

Harmony from Family Order to World Family Order: Universal Human Order

·         Once we understand the Comprehensive Human Goal and the five dimensions of Human Endeavour, in the light of Right Understanding, our Natural Acceptance extends from the level of Individual to the levels of Family and then Society and finally into a feeling of World Family. This forms the basis of an undivided society (Akhanda Samaj) a feeling of relatedness for all (we are all one family).

              Thus, when we expand into a world family, we realize our responsibility in the society and participate in it.

Undiveded Society (Akhanda Samaja) – feeling of being related to every human being
Universal Human Order (Sarvabhauma Vyavastha) – feeling of being related to every  unit including human beings and other entities of nature.

Random Thoughts

Motivational Videos

Video 1

IMAGES 2

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DETAILED NOTES FOR CHAPTER 2

UNIT II - CHAPTER 2 (Self-exploration as the Process for Value Education)

Q1. Define self exploration. What is the content of self – exploration?

Ans:   Self exploration is the process to find out what is valuable to me by investigating within myself. What is right for me and true for me has to be judged within myself. Once we start paying attention towards investigating into our present beliefs and aspirations, we get to know whether our aspirations and what we really want to be (i.e. what is naturally acceptable to us) are one and the same or not. If they are the same, then it’s no problem. But if the two are different, it means that we are leading a life against our natural acceptance. Such a life cannot bring us happiness. 

Self exploration is a process of discovering that there is something innate, invariant and universal in all human beings. This enables us to look at the confusions and contradictions within us and resolve them by becoming aware of our natural acceptance.

Once we start observing inside, we can achieve harmony at all levels of our living.

Content of self exploration involves finding answers for the following fundamental questions of all the human beings:

1. The Desire/Goal/Aspiration: What is my (human) Desire/ Goal? What do I really want in life, or what is the goal of human life?

2. The Program: What is my (human) program for fulfilling my aspirations? How to fulfil it? What is the program to actualize the above?

In short, the above two questions cover the whole domain of human aspirations and human

endeavor. Thus, they form the content of self- exploration.

Q2. What is the purpose of Self exploration?

Ans. Purpose of Self-Exploration: Self exploration helps us to  identify our innateness (Svatva) and move towards  Self-Organization(Swantantrata) and Self-Expression (Swarajya).

·         It is a process of dialogue between ‘what you are’ and ‘what you really want to be’.

·         It is a process of self evolution through self-investigation.

·         It is a process of knowing oneself and through that, knowing the entire existence.

·         It is a process of recognizing one’s relationship with every unit in existence and fulfilling it.

·         It is a process of knowing human conduct, human character and living accordingly.

·         It is a process of being in harmony with oneself and in harmony with entire existence.

Q3. Self exploration is a process of dialogue between ‘what you are’ and ‘what you really want to be’. Explain and illustrate.   (Or)

Q. Explain the process of self exploration with the help of a diagram.

Ans: Self exploration is the process to find out what is valuable to me by investigating within myself. What is right for me and true for me has to be judged within myself. Once we start paying attention towards investigating into our present beliefs and aspirations, we get to know whether our aspirations and what we really want to be (i.e. what is naturally acceptable to us) are one and the same or not. If they are the same, then it’s no problem. But if the two are different, it means that we are leading a life against our natural acceptance. Such a life cannot bring us happiness. 

Self exploration is a process of discovering that there is something innate, invariant and universal in all human beings. This enables us to look at the confusions and contradictions within us and resolve them by becoming aware of our natural acceptance.

Once we start observing inside, we can achieve harmony at all levels of our living.

Process of Self-Exploration: The process of self exploration may initially begin as a dialogue between two people, but eventually it becomes a dialogue within yourself.  It is a dialogue between ‘what you are’ and ‘what you really want to be’. Self exploration enables us to look at the confusions and contradictions within us and resolve them by becoming aware of our natural acceptance.

The following points are to be kept in mind regarding the process of Self-Exploration:

·         Whatever is stated is a proposal

·         Don’t start by assuming it to be true or false

·         Verify it on your own right

·         Don’t just accept or reject it on the basis of scriptures, instruments or on the basis of others.

         The following two steps are involved in the process of Self-Exploration:

       - Firstly, verify the proposal on the basis of your natural acceptance

       - Secondly, live according to the proposal to validate it experientially.

Natural Acceptance: It is the process of seeing and observing everything attentively and then using your inner conscience to get the answer from within. It is a way to bring out the goodness in everything naturally. It helps us to learn everything that is good from others and absorb it in our own way, but without changing our identity.

·         It does not change with time/age

·         It doesn’t depend on place

·         It does not depend on our beliefs or past conditioning

·         It is always there within us

·         It is the same for all of us.

Realization and Understanding:

The process of Self-Exploration results in ‘Realization’ and ‘Understanding’ in us. This realization and understanding leads to the following answers –

·         Assuring

·         Satisfying

·         Universal with respect to Time, Space and Individual.

Q4. How can we verify proposals on the basis of our natural acceptance? Explain with example.                                            

                                                                      (Or)                

What do you mean by your natural acceptance? Illustrate with examples. Is it innate, universal and invariant with time? Explain

Ans: Natural Acceptance: It is the process of seeing and observing everything attentively and then using your inner conscience to get the answer from within. It is a way to bring out the goodness in everything naturally. It helps us to learn everything that is good from others and absorb it in our own way, but without changing our identity.

a)      Natural acceptance does not change with time/age. It remains invariant with time. For example our natural acceptance for trust and respect does not change with age.

b)      It does not depend on the place. Whatever we have naturally accepted in our life does not change with our age, place or time. For example our desire for respect doesn’t change with age or with a change in our place.

c)      It does not depend on our beliefs or past conditionings. No matter how deep our beliefs or past conditionings, as long as we keep investigating deep into ourselves, the answers will always be the same. Natural acceptance does not get influenced by our beliefs or past conditionings. For example, we may believe that money is the most important thing in life. But looking deep down in our heart , we know that money alone cannot keep us happy.

d)     This natural acceptance is always there within us. Natural acceptance is always present within us, it always tells us what is right.

e)      Natural acceptance is the same for all of us: Each one of us have our own lifestyle, beliefs, preconditioning, etc. But deep inside our minds, the purpose of all human desires, success and achievements  are based on common goals like the need to be happy, need to be respected and cared for, need to be prosperous etc. So the basic natural acceptance remains the same for all the human beings.

All human beings can lead a happy and prosperous lifeas long as they follow their natural acceptance. All miseries begin only when we start going against our Natural acceptance.

 Q5. What do you understand by the terms Svatva, Swatantrata and Swarajya?

Ans: Svatva: Swatva means innateness of self – the natural acceptance of harmony. The word  "innate" is defined as originating in or derived from the mind . It is present in an individual by birth. When we identify our innateness, we realise the difference between what we are and we really want to be.

Swatantrata: Swatantrata means being self- organized – being in harmony with oneself. When we identify our innateness, we establish a dialogue with our conscience, and it enables us to become self organised, i.e. we attain harmony in ourself. This is called swatantrata.

Swarajya: Swarajya means self-expression, self- extension – living in harmony with others. When we identify our innateness, what we really what to be and establish a dialogue within, it enables us to become self organised, i.e. we attain harmony in ourself. When we start living with this harmony, it starts expressing itself through our harmonious behaviour towards others and towars our work, and it naturally leads to a healthy participation with the surroundings. This is called swarajya.

Thus when we start exploring our svatva, in the process of self-verification and living accordingly, we are attaining svatantrata and svarajya.  Exploring our svatva at different levels of our living helps us in getting rid of our preconceived notions, our dilemmas, contradictions and compulsions, either external or internal. The more, we attain swatantrata or the self- organized state, the more we can live in harmony with others and we can also help others attain this state. This leads to our participation in swarajya.

The effort towards ensuring orderliness in the society is possible and is sustained by ensuring orderliness in ourselves. Every mechanism to bring order in the society needs to be based on this. This is an important implication of right understanding when we go to make policies for nations and the world. 

Q6. What are pre-conditionings? What is their source? Do you feel that you have some pre-conditionings? How do you evaluate them?

Ans: Preconditioning means the condition developed by beliefs (manyatas). Often we have our own  assumptions about something on the basis of our prevailing notions. They comes from what we read, see hear, what our parents tell us, our friends talk about what the magazines talk of, what we see on the TV etc.  Most of our desires, thoughts and selections are based on these pre conditionings.  We do not verify the desires in our own right. As a result, we are not clear about what we will get out of fulfilment of that desire. Because of this, we often end up spending an entire lifetime accumulating desires that are not ours, and in running about trying to fulfil them. As a result, our desires, thoughts and selections are always in conflict. Since the desires are in conflict, the thoughts they give rise to, are also in conflict and in turn, the selection from the thoughts are also in conflicts leading to dissatisfaction and unhappiness.

All of us have some pre conditionings, sensations and beliefs. For example, most of us believe that money and position bring us respect  and make us happy. We start living by this pre conditioning and work hard to achieve it.We also involve ourselves in all those activities which are needed to achieve it. During this process, we often experience disharmony within ourselves and with others. With unhappiness within, we also make others unhappy.

However, once we start exploring deep into ourselves on the basis of our natural acceptance, we realise the difference between what we are and what we really want to be. This realisation leads to the right understanding which paves way to a harmonious living within ourselves, our family, our society and also with nature.

Q7. “ I want to be a doctor”

“ I want to do research in astronomy”

“I want to serve the society”

“I want to be a film star”

“I want to earn a lot of money and fame”

In the above cases, what is the basic aspiration? Justify your answer.

Ans: Aspirations are the goals, ambitions or desires that a person often dreams to possess or achieve. Aspirations are future-oriented and are driven by conscious and unconscious motivations.They are indicative of an individual or group’s commitments towards a particular end point.

Some aspirations come about with a little influence from others, while some others stem from the strong persuasion of other people or situations. Individuals may have short, medium and long-term aspirations and these vary in importance with respect to both the individual and the others.

Not all aspirations are in the interests of others and some individuals’ aspirations may even provoke harm or offence. While some individuals aspire for a better life, some others might strive for specific transformative social changes.

However, the most common aspirations of all human beings are centred around health, family, philanthropy and personal development. Some common aspirations include making a difference in life, personal happiness, job satisfaction, acquiring status and wealth etc.

 In all the above cases, the basic aspiration is to ulitimately lead a happy life. The aspirations to become a doctor, a film star, to do research in astronomy stem out of the interest that the person has in those fields. Success in these would make them feel happy in their lives. Similarly the aspiration to serve the society means the person derives happiness in doing philanthropic deeds. Earning a lot of money and fame means the person want to lead a happy life with respect and comforts in the society.

Hence we can say that the basic aspiration underlying all the above aspirations is to attain continuous happiness.